Phát âm tiếng anh nâng cao – Unit 59: Ngữ điệu trong 1 chuỗi các danh mục – Học Hay

A.

Trong bài phát biểu được chuẩn bị, khi chúng ta đưa ra 3 hoặc nhiều hơn các mục tương tự nhau, mỗi mục thường được nói trong một đơn vị nói riêng biệt. Tất cả các mục thường có ngữ điệu lên (hoặc lên-xuống); ngoại trừ âm cuối có ngữ điệu xuống. Việc sử dụng cùng một ngữ điệu cho mỗi mục, ngoại trừ mục cuối cùng, chỉ ra rằng các mục - theo một cách nào đó - tương đương nhau. Ngữ điệu xuống ở mục cuối cùng báo hiệu sự kết thúc của một chuỗi các mục đó:

Many governments fail to focus on policies which require sustained effort over years or decades — // to imPROVE eduCAtional standards (rise)// eRADicate diSEASE (rise)// MODernise the TRANSport system (rise)// and reDUCE levels of polLUtion (fall)//

The only seats left are priced at// TWENty euros (fall-rise)// THIRty euros (fall-rise)// and FIFty euros (fall)//

- Note: Trong cuộc trò chuyện thì sẽ có sự biến thể . Ví dụ: một đơn vị lời nói có thể bao gồm nhiều hơn 1 mục hoặc một chuỗi có thể không đầy đủ các mục:

I've got // YELlow Orange or PINK (fall)// Which one would you like?

A: She's been away a lot recently — // PARis (rise)// OSlo (rise)// maDRID (rise)//...
B: And is she back home now?

=> Một chuỗi các địa điểm không hoàn chỉnh cho thấy rằng cô ta còn đến nhiều nơi khác nữa.     

   B.

  Các từ trong các mục của 1 chuỗi thường không được nhấn nếu chúng được lặp lạo hoặc không cung cấp bất kỳ thông tin nào mới.

The meeting includes// NATional politicians (rise)// LOcal politicians (rise)// and EuroPEan politicians (fall)//

C.

Trong các danh sách thường được lặp đi lặp lại hoặc là một phần của thói quen, mỗi mục thường được nói với ngữ điệu bằng (=>) (mặc dù cũng có thể sử dụng ngữ điệu lên), ngoại trừ âm cuối có ngữ điệu xuống:

There are three sizes available, // SMALL (=>)// MEdium (=>)// and LARGE (fall)//

When I raise my hand like this I want you // to STOP TALKing (=>)// STAND up STRAIGHT (=>)/ CONcentrate on ME (=>)// and get READy to SING (fall)//

D

Ít phổ biến hơn, tất cả các mục có thể có ngữ điệu xuống, đặc biệt khi ta muốn nhấn mạnh vào từng mục riêng biệt và quan trọng:

Please write the following dates down m your notebooks. The first examination // will be on MONday the SIXTH (fall)/ the SECond on WEDnesday the EIGHTH (fall)// and the LAST on TUESday the fourTEENTH (fall)//

59.1 The last item in the series of similar items in each of these sentences has a falling tone. Listen and decide whether the other items have a falling tone (put ‘fall’ in the bracket), rising tone (rise), fall-rising tone (fall-rise), or level tone (level).

EXAMPLE This year we have opened new stores in London (rise), New York (rise) and Moscow (fall).

1 Make sure you give three pieces of information on each page — your name ( ), your student number ( ) and the date ( fall).

2 When I was learning to drive my instructor made me say ‘mirror ( ), signal ( ), manoeuvre (fall)’ every time I drove away.

3 Attempts on the mountain have been made this year by Japanese climbers ( ), Swiss climbers ( ) and Brazilian climbers ( fall).

4 You’ll remember that Trollope’s first three novels in his Barsetshire Chronicles were The Warden ( ), Barchester Towers ( ) and Doctor Thorne ( fall).

5 I want you to paint the squares the colours of the rainbow – red ( ), orange ( ), yellow ( ) and so on (fall).

Now check your answers in the Key. Then say the sentences aloud using the same tones.

59.2 The series of similar items in each of these sentences is highlighted. Listen as many times as you need and in each part in green:

(i) mark the speech unit boundaries with //

(ii) underline the word in each speech unit where the main tone starts

(iii) put (fall), (rise), (fall-rise) or (level) above this word to show the tone used.

Example: The book is set in three different periods and locations — // New Orleans in the nineteenth (rise) century //, Haiti in the twentieth (rise) century//, and San Francisco today (fall) //,

 

1 She had a number of jobs in Berlin — as a waitress, bookseller, music teacher — but still found time to develop her career in the theatre.

2 Note that the last enrolment dates are the 15th of July, the 30th of July and the 30^th of August.

3 A copy of the contract, signed, scaled and delivered, will be on your desk tomorrow.

4 Don’t forget that for this experiment you'll need safety glasses, protective clothing and rubber gloves.

5 To get to the bookshop go down this street, turn left at the traffic lights and then cross the square.

Now check your answers in the Key. Then say the sentences aloud using the same tones.

 

ĐÁP ÁN

59.1

1 Make sure you give three pieces of information on each page — your name (fall), your student number (fall) and the date (fall).

2 When I was learning to drive my instructor made me say ‘mirror (level), signal (level), manoeuvre (fall) every time I drove away.

3 Attempts on the mountain have been made this year by Japanese climbers (rise), Swiss climbers (rise) and Brazilian climbers (fall).

4 You'll remember that Trollope’s first three novels in his Barsetshire Chronicles were The Warden (fall-rise), Barchester Towers (fall-rise) and Doctor Thorne (fall).

5 I want you to paint the squares the colours of the rainbow — red (level), orange (level), yellow (level) and soon (fall).

59.2

1 She had a number of jobs in Berlin — // as a waitress (level)//, bookseller (level)//, music (level) teacher// — but still found time to develop her career in the theatre.

2 Note that the last enrolment dates are // the 15th of July (fall)//, the 30th (fall) of July// and the 30th of August (fall)//.

3 A copy of the contract, // signed (level)//, sealed (level)// and delivered (fall)//, will be on your desk tomorrow.
[Note: ‘signed, sealed, and delivered’ means that it is officially signed and completed]

4 Don’t forget that for this experiment you'll need // safety (fall-rise) glasses//, protective clothing (fall-rise)// and rubber gloves (fall)//.

5 To get to the bookshop / go down this street (rise), turn left at the traffic (rise) lights// and then cross the square (fall)//.