Phát âm tiếng anh nâng cao – Unit 54: Chia bài phát biểu thành các đơn vị (1) – Học Hay

Trong một số bối cảnh, chúng ta đôi khi cần lập kế hoạch và chuẩn bị bài phát biểu một cách trang trọng, Ta phải viết những gì cần nói ra giấy và đọc to chúng; hoặc phát triển nó từ ghi chú. Ví dụ: sinh viên và học giả có thể phải thuyết trình trong lớp hoặc tại một hội nghị; người kinh doanh có thể phải báo cáo tại các cuộc họp; giáo viên hoặc đài truyền hình có thể cần phải đọc to văn bản cho học sinh hoặc khán giả của họ. Trong các Unit 54 đến 60, ta sẽ xem xét một số đặc tính của việc phát âm trong các bài phát biểu như thế này.

A.

Trong bài phát biểu được chuẩn bị, ta có xu hướng phân chia các đơn vị lời nói, thường là một khoảng dừng, tại các ranh giới mệnh đề Uniti 32). Trong ví dụ này, từ một bài thuyết trình, các đơn vị lời nói được đánh dấu bằng //. Những cái ở ranh giới mệnh đề được đánh dấu //:

We have a great opportunity// at the moment// to encourage awareness of scicnee// among the public.// A recent opinion poll// which was conducted earlier this vear// revealed that// 80%. of the population// is interested in science.// In addition//, it shows// a growing trust in scientists// who make an important contribution// to societv.// However//, the poll also showed/ that few people// felt thev know enough// about science// ‘To develop understanding of science// we need more public debate// and we should be making   science// more interesting// in school.  

=>  Khi văn bản được đọc to lên, ranh giới đơn vị lời nói thường được đặt ở dấu chấm câu (dấu phẩy, điểm dừng hoàn toàn, v.v.). Tuy nhiên, ranh giới đơn vị lời nói cũng có thể được đặt ở những nơi khác.

B

Ta thường đặt ranh giới đơn vị lời nói ở:

- giữa 2 câu được nối bằng từ and hoặc but:

We have cut costs substantially// and will continue to invest.

This is only one view// but it’s supported by recent research.

- trước và sau một mệnh đề trạng từ (mệnh đề cung cấp thêm thông tin về how, where, when, why…)

Before she left school// she started her own business.

We'll be meeting at eight// to get to the airport by ten.

- sau một mệnh đề là chủ từ của câu (Unit 42)

What they will do next// is unclear.

How the process works// will be explained in the next lecture.

- trước và sau 1 mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định

The head of the police force// who is to retire next year// has criticised the new law.

I would like to thank the conference organisers// who have worked very hard.

Nhưng lưu ý rằng việc xác định mệnh đề quan hệ ít có khả năng được tách ra khỏi danh từ mà chúng đề cập đến, bởi một ranh giới đơn vị lời nói:

The number of people who are emigrating// is increasing steadily.
ít khi: The number of people// who are emigrating// is increasing steadily.

We objected// to the recommendation that was put forward.
ít khi: We objected// to the recommendation// that was put forward.

- Note: Có thể sẽ không có ranh giới đơn vị lời nói giữa những câu ngắn:

We'll leave when we can. (ít khi: We'll leave// when we can)

54.1 In each sentence, two possible speech unit boundaries are marked with //. Underline the one that is more likely.

EXAMPLE The only college // that teaches medical statistics // is to close next year.

1 The ship was launched // in September 1942 // and destroyed a month later.

2 Property prices will increase // as long as interest rates // remain low.

3 The bird is often heard // but seldom // seen in the wild.

4 They took what they could carry // and left the rest // of their belongings behind.

5 Why students drop out // of university // is a complex issue.

6 Thieves made off // with the painting // despite security guards in the building.

7 Most people also speak French // which is taught // from the age of six.

8 Who gave the order // to shoot // is to be investigated further.

9 Women // who are pregnant // should avoid alcohol.

10 He claimed // he was innocent // but the jury disagreed.

Now listen and check your answers, and then say the sentences aloud.

54.2 Prepare to read aloud this extract from a talk about complementary therapy. Think about where you will put speech unit boundaries and mark these with //. Use the information in A and B to help you. Read the extract aloud and, if possible, record and listen to yourself.

Complementary therapy, // which focuses on the whole person, // is becoming more widely used. It considers a patient’s physical symptoms and also takes lifestyle into account.

Most practitioners believe that the body seeks a state of balance. What complementary therapy does is help people achieve this balance. Treatment not only relieves the disease but also promotes general wellbeing.       

How complementary therapy works is still not entirely clear. Recent research has compared it with traditional medicine. In one study conducted in Canada a group of patients who had severe back pain were treated either with complementary or traditional treatments. Patients who had complementary /     treatments showed faster rates of improvement.

Now listen to the extract as it is said on the recording.

ĐÁP ÁN

54.1

1 The ship was launched // in September 1942 // and destroyed a month later.

2 Property prices will increase // as long as interest rates // remain low.

3 The bird is often heard // but seldom // seen in the wild.

4 They took what they could carry // and left the rest // of their belongings behind.

5 Why students drop out // of university // is a complex issue.

6 Thieves made off // with the painting // despite security guards in the building.

7 Most people also speak French // which is taught // from the age of six.

8 Who gave the order // to shoot // is to be investigated further.

9 Women // who are pregnant // should avoid alcohol.

10 He claimed // he was innocent // but the jury disagreed.

54.2

Possible speech unit boundaries are shown. These are used in the recording.

Complementary therapy, // which focuses on the whole person,// is becoming more widely used.// It considers a patient’s physical symptoms// and also takes lifestyle into account.//

Most practitioners believe// that the body seeks a state of balance.// What complementary therapy does// is help people achieve this balance.// Treatment not only relieves the disease// but also promotes general wellbeing. //

How complementary therapy works// is still not entirely clear.// Recent research// has compared it with traditional medicine.// In one study conducted in Canada// a group of patients// who had severe back pain// were treated either with complementary// or traditional treatments.// Patients who had complementary treatments// showed faster rates of improvement.