Phát âm tiếng anh nâng cao – Unit 42: Câu chẻ – Học Hay

A

- Câu chẻ thường được chia thành 2 phần, điều này này cho phép chúng ta tập trung vào thông tin cần thiết ở 1 phần. Câu chẻ thường đường dùng trong văn nói thông thường. Ở ví dụ dưới đây, phần cần tập trung là ‘my gold necklace’:

What I lost was my gold necklace.

- Cấu trúc câu chẻ với từ để hỏi what:  what + subject + verb / be + the focus.

What I lost / was my gold necklace.

- Cấu trúc câu chẻ với it: it- cleft has it + be + the focus / that (who) clause

It was my gold necklace / that I lost.

B

- Câu chẻ với What- thường sẽ có ngữ điệu xuống – lên ở cuối câu đầu và ngữ điệu xuống ở cuối câu sau. Hãy nhớ rắng ngữ điệu bắt đầu ở âm tiết được nhấn cuối cùng trong đơn vị lời nói:

A: I can’t get the chain back on my bike.
B: WHAT you need to DO (fall-rise) is take the WHEEL off (fall).

I hadn’t seen Don since he went to Australia ...
... and what surPRISED me about him (fall-rise) was his ACcent (fall).

I know there’s a pool of water in the kitchen, but ...
... what I DON’T understand (fall-rise) is how it GOT there (fall).

- Lưu ý: thứ tự thông tin trong câu chẻ thường có thể bị đảo ngược, nhưng ngữ điệu trong 2 phần vẫn giữ nguyên:

I know there’s a pool of water in the kitchen, but ...

... how it GOT there (fall) is what I DON’T understand (fall-rise).

 

- Ta có thể dùng từ all thay cho từ what nếu muốn nhấn mạnh rằng chỉ có mỗi 1 việc cần/được làm:

A: Paul hasn’t spoken to me since I scratched his car.

B: ALL you’ve got to SAY (fall-rise) is that you’re SORry (fall).

- Câu chẻ It thường có ngữ điệu xuống ở câu bắt đầu bằng it. Ở câu còn lại, ngữ âm phụ thuộc vào ý nghĩa của bối cảnh:

A: Pity about the flowers. They must have been eaten by snails.
B: It was the FROST (fall) that KILLED them (fall-rise).=>  thông tin không mới

I thought the science exam would be hard ...
... but it was the MATHS (fall) that I found DIFficult (fall-rise).=>  thông tin không mới

She walked into a clearing in the forest ...
... and it was THEN (fall) that she SAW him (fall).=>  thông tin mới

I went over to Karen’s house ...
... but it was her FAther (fall) who ANswered the DOOR (fall).=>  thông tin không mới.

42.1 Listen to each A part. Press ‘pause’ before each B part and read it aloud using the intonation marked. Then press ‘play’ again and compare your pronunciation with what follows.

1 A: Do you want some tea?

B: what I'd REALIy like (fall-rise) is a GLASS of WAter (fall).

2 A: I see your neighbours keep goats.

B: what I obJECT to (fall-rise) is the AWful SMELL (fall).

3 A: What’s for breakfast?

B: what I USually have (fall-rise) is COFfee and TOAST (fall).

4 A: What are you having for your birthday?

B: what I’m HOPing for (fall-rise) is a NEW comPUter (fall).

Now do the same with these. Before you answer, think about where the fall-rising and falling tones start.

5 A: My train to work was late yet again.

B: What you should do is write and complain.

6 A: All the plants in my garden are dying.

B: What we want is some rain.

7 A: What did you get from the butcher’s?

B: All they had left were these sausages.

8 A: What’s the view like from your bedroom window?

B: All I can see is a block of flats.

42.2 Give the answers in exercise 42.1 again. This time, however, reverse the order of the information. The first two answers are given with intonation marked.

1 A: Do you want some tea?

B: A GLASS of WAter (fall) is what I’d REALIy like (fall-rise).

2 A: I see your neighbours keep goats.

B: The AWful SMELL (fall) is what I1 obJECT to (fall-rise).

42.3 Expand the notes to make it- cleft responses. Then draw a falling tone in the clause beginning with it and then either a falling or fall-rising tone, as appropriate, in the relative clause.

1 A: How is Dan getting on in Sydney?
B: (his brother — went to Australia)

2 A: You looked uncomfortable during the meeting.
B: (my back — aching)

3 A: I suppose the Liberals will raise taxes now they are in government.
B: (the Democrats — won the election)

Now listen and check your answers. Then listen again and repeat the B parts.

ĐÁP ÁN

42.1

(Speaker A = Northern Ireland)

The last prominent syllable in each question, where the falling or rising tone starts, is in capital letters.

5 what you should DO (fall-rise) is write and comPLAIN (fall).

6 what we WANT (fall-rise) is some RAIN (fall).

7 all they had LEFT (fall-rise) were these SAUSages (fall).

8 alli can SEE (fall-rise) is a block of FLATS (fall).

42.2

3 coffee and TOAST (fall) is what 1 USually have (fall-rise).

4 Anew comPUter (fall) is what Pm HOPing for (fall-rise).

5 write and comPLAIN (fall) is what you should DO (fall-rise).

6 some RAIN (fall) is what we WANT (fall-rise).

7 These SAUSages (fall) were all they had LEFT (fall-rise).

8 a block of FLATS (fall) is all 1 can SEE (fall-rise)

42.3

(Speaker A = China)