Phát âm tiếng anh nâng cao – Unit 32: Chia nhỏ lời nói thành các đơn vị – Học Hay

A.

- Khi nói, ta thường nhóm các từ trong một câu lại với nhau, dựa vào ý nghĩa và việc nhấn mạnh. Hãy nghe và để ý cách người nói chia nhỏ câu nói ra như thế nào:

//I can remember as children// we were rather naughty// once// we stuck a picture// of an elephant// on the back of Dad’s coat// before he went out// of course he couldn’t see it// so he didn’t know why everyone was laughing at him// until he got to work// and took it off//

- Trong cuốn sách này, chúng tôi gọi nó là đơn vị lời nói (speech unit) và ký hiệu bằng dấu //.

 B.

Mặc dù không có bất kỳ một quy luật nào về cách chia nhỏ lời nói ra thành các đơn vị  nhỏ hơn, một số từ thường được nhóm chung với nhau để giúp người nghe dễ hiểu hơn:

// we stuck a picture// of an elephant// sẽ dễ hiểu hơn là
// we stuck a// picture of an elephant// hoặc
// we stuck a picture of// an elephant//

// until he got to work// and took it off// sẽ dễ hiểu hơn là
//until he got to// work and took it off// hoặc
// until he got to work and took// it off//

C.

Đôi lúc việc chia nhỏ này có thể khiến nghĩa của câu thay đổi:

(i) // we were rather naughty// once// we stuck a picture// of an elephant//...

(ii) // we were rather naughty once// we stuck a picture// of an elephant/...

- Ở câu (i), ‘once’ đi với ‘we stuck a picture of an elephant’ => người nói đang chỉ ra việc họ nghịch ngợm (naughty) rất nhiều lần.

- Ở câu (ii), ‘once’ đi với ‘we were naughty’ => họ nghịch ngợm (naughty) chỉ có 1 lần.

 (iii)// before he went out// of course he couldn’t see it//

(iv) // before he went out of course// he couldn’t see it//

- Ở câu (iii), ‘of course’ đi với ‘he couldn’t see it’ => ý nghĩa: rõ ràng anh ta không thể nhìn thấy nó (he couldn’t see it)

- Ở câu (iv), ‘of course’đi với ‘before he went out’ => ý nghĩa: rõ ràng là trước khi anh ta ra ngoài (before he went out)

D.

Khi chúng ta muốn nhấn mạnh từ để khiến người đọc chú ý đến nó, ta có thể để chúng trong những đơn vị nói cực ngắn:

// we were rather naughty// hoặc để nhấn mạnh: // we were rather// naughty//

// on the back of Dad’s coat// hoặc để nhấn mạnh: // on the back// of Dad’s// coat//

E.

Với đơn vị nói, từ ngữ thường được nối mượt mà với nhau hơn, mà không có khoảng ngưng nghỉ giữa chúng.

32.1 Listen to the recording as many times as you need, and mark the boundaries between speech units with // in these extracts. The first one has been done for you.

1 that’s the main thing//and then if you’ve got any questions afterwards hopefully we'll still have time to go through a few of them is that okay

2 she’d left when she had a baby and then decided not to go back although the job had been kept open for her

3 Tom dear where’s the advert for this calculator because I don’t know the address and I don't know who [ve got to make the cheque payable to

Now check your answers in the Key. Then read the extracts aloud. Put short breaks between speech units and link the words within speech units smoothly together without pauses.

32.2 Each of these extracts consists of three speech units. Put // in two of the four spaces to show where you expect the speech unit boundaries to be.

EXAMPLE: when you read it carefully // it doesn’t say anything // that’s very critical

1 when I woke up I didn’t even realise what time it was

2 of course it’s written in a language that hardly anyone can understand

3 I was working late because they want it done as quickly as possible

4 because he was I’ll Ididn’t expect him to come to work

5 ifI get sometime I’ll be over on the weekend to see you both

6 luckily we haven’t had any rain since the day we arrived

7 it should never have been built in my opinion this new office building

Now listen and check your answers. Then read the extracts aloud. Put short breaks between speech units and link the words within speech units smoothly together without pauses.

32.3 Give special emphasis to the words in bold by putting each one in a short speech unit. Read the extracts aloud and then compare your pronunciation with the recording.

1 I’ve never seen such an incredibly exciting football match.

2 She has always helped me and has never refused any request I’ve made.

3 After the day of climbing I was completely exhausted.

4 She looked much older — grey and lined — and she used a walking stick.

 

ĐÁP ÁN

32.1

1 that’s the main thing/ and then// if you’ve got any questions afterwards// hopefully// we'll still have time// to go through a few of them// is that okay

2 she'd left// when she had a baby// and then// decided not to go back// although the job had been kept open for her

3 Tom dear// where’s the advert// for this calculator// because I don’t know the address/ and I don’t know// who [’ve got to make the cheque payable to

33.2
(United States)

1 when I woke up //I didn’t even realise // what time it was

2 of course // it’s written in a language // that hardly anyone can understand

3 I was working late // because they want it done // as quickly as possible

4 because he was ill // I didn’t expect him // to come to work

5 if I get some time // ll be over on the weekend // to see you both

6 luckily // we haven’t had any rain // since the day we arrived

7 it should never have been built //in my opinion // this new office building

(Note: In 5, speakers of British English would usually say ‘at the weekend’.)