Phát âm tiếng anh nâng cao – Unit 25: Từ mượn nước ngoài trong tiếng Anh – Học Hay

 

- Nhiều từ tiếng Anh có nguồn gốc từ các ngôn ngữ khác. Một số từ này không còn được coi là từ ’nước ngoài; ví dụ: bungalow (nguồn gốc Hindi), caravan (nguồn gốc Ba Tư), tomato (nguồn gốc Tây Ban Nha). Tuy nhiên, những từ khác vẫn được coi là từ mượn vì chúng là những từ mới vay gần đây hoặc vì chúng có cách viết của từ nước ngoài. Unit này xem xét cách phát âm của các từ trong nhóm thứ hai này.

Một số từ này được nói với cách phát âm khiến chúng nghe giống như từ tiếng Anh; một số từ khác cũng có thể được nói theo cách gần với cách phát âm trong ngôn ngữ gốc (được đánh dấu * bên dưới).

A. Tiếng Pháp được sử dụng trong tiếng Anh

I'm not really au fait with the rules of cricket. /ˌəʊ ˈfeɪ/ (= familiar with: quen thuộc với)

The negotiations have reached an impasse, with neither side wanting to back down. /ˈæmpɒ:s/ or /ˈəẽmpɒ:s/* (= tình trạng bế tắc)

The symbol ~ được đặt trên đầu nguyên âm khi nó được phát âm bằng giọng mũi.

- Một số từ nước ngoài khác: faux pas /ˌfəʊpɑː/, joie de vivre /ˌʒwɑːdəˈviːvrə/, déjà vu /ˌdeɪʒɑːˈvuː/, fait accompli /ˌfeɪtəˈkɒmpliː/

- Một số từ Pháp trong tiếng Anh được đọc với âm /ɒ̃/: carte blanche /ˌkɑːtˈblɒ̃ːnʃ/, entre nous /ɒ̃ːntrə’nu:/*, en route /ˌɒ̃ːn’ru:t/*, nuance /‘nju:ɒ̃ːns/*.

They show a lot of avant-garde films at the cinema. /ˌævɒ̃:ŋˈɡɑːd/ (= original and modern)

B. Từ Đức trong tiếng Anh

He went through a long period of angst during his teens. /æŋkst/ (= cảm giác muộn phiền và không hạnh phúc về những vấn đề cá nhân)

- Một số từ khác: doppelganger /ˈdɒp^əlIɡæŋə(r)/, realpolitik /reɪˈɑːlpɒlɪˌtiːk/, wanderlust /ˈwɒndəlʌst/ or /‘vɑːndəlust/*.

C. Từ Tây Ba Nha trong tiếng Anh

She’s an aficionado of Spanish literature. /əˌfɪʃəˈnɑːdəʊ/ or /æˌfɪθəˈnɑːdəʊ/* (= cực kỳ hào hứng và hứng thú về 1 chủ đề nào đó)

- Một số từ khác: incommunicado /ˌɪnkəˌmjuːnɪˈkɑːdəʊ/, mañana /mænˈjɑːnə/, El Niño /ˌel ˈniːnjəʊ/

D. Từ Ý trong tiếng anh

He complained that he couldn’t go anywhere without being followed by the paparazzi. /ˌpæp^əˈrætsi/ (= thợ săn ảnh)

- Một số từ khác: cognoscente /ˌkɒnjəˈʃenti/, prima donna /ˌpriːmə ˈdɒnə/

E. Từ Nhật trong tiếng anh

The tsunami killed over a million people. /tsu'nɑːmi/ or /su'nɑːmi/ (= sóng thần)

- Một số từ khác: bonsai /‘bɒnsai/, kimono /kɪˈməʊnəʊ/, origami /ˌɒrɪˈɡɑːmi/

F. Từ Trung Quốc trong tiếng anh

He does an hour of t’ai chi every morning. /ˌtaɪ tʃi:/ (= a form of exercise originally from China)

- Một số từ khác: feng shui /ˌfeŋ ˈʃuːi/ or /ˌfʊŋ ˈʃweɪ/ *, lychee /ˈlaɪtʃi/, typhoon /taɪˈfuːn/

PHỤ LỤC

A.

faux pas (noun) a socially embarrassing mistake

joie de vivre (noun) great enjoyment of life

déjà vu (noun) the feeling that you have already experienced what is happening now

fait accompli (noun) something that has happened and can’t be changed

carte blanche (noun) complete freedom to take whatever action you want

entre nous (adj/adv) used to say that something should be a secret ‘between ourselves’

en route (adv) on the way to or from somewhere

nuance (noun) a very small difference in meaning, appearance, etc.

B

doppelganger (noun) a person who looks exactly like you but is not related to you

realpolitik (noun) practical politics, decided by immediate needs rather than by principle

wanderlust (noun) the wish to travel far and to many different places

C

incommunicado (adj) not communicating with anyone

mañana (adv) some time in the future

El Nino or El Niño (noun) an unusual current in the Pacific Ocean that temporarily changes world weather patterns

D

cognoscente (noun) a person who has a lot of specialist knowledge, particularly of the arts —

plural: cognoscenti

prima donna (noun) someone who thinks they are special and should be treated in a special way

E

bonsai (noun) a very small tree that has been stopped from growing to its full size

kimono (xoun) a loose piece of outer clothing with side sleeves

origami (oun) making decorative objects by folding paper

F

feng shui (noun) an ancient Chinese belief that the way your house is built and the way that you

arrange objects affects success, health and happiness

lychee (noun) a fruit with a rough brown shell and sweet white flesh

typhoon (zoun) a violent wind which has a circular motion, found in the West Pacific Ocean

25.1 Listen and repeat these foreign words used in English. What language do you think each word comes from: French, Chinese, Italian, German, Japanese or Spanish? If you are not sure, use the examples on the page opposite and try to notice similar spellings or sounds.

denouement     diva     ersatz     haiku     macho     ninja

nouvelle     cuisine     ginseng     schadenfreude     sotto     voce     kumquat     pronto

Check your answers in the Key, where you can also find the meaning of the words.

25.2 Listen and repeat the French words in column A. Then try to match them with the brief definition in column B. Use the example sentences below the table to help you.

A

B

1  béte noire 2  cause célébre 3  de rigueur 4  clientele 5  contretemps 6  ensuite 7  nom de plume 8  savoir-faire

a describing something you must have or do to appear fashionable b a false name used by a writer ¢ an embarrassing small disagreement d a person or thing that particularly annoys you or that you dislike e being able to do or say the right thing in any situation f the customers or clients of a business g a controversial event that attracts a lot of public attention h describing a connected bathroom and bedroom

 

1 My particular béte noire is people who use mobile phones when they are driving.

2 The trial of the two teenagers became an international cause célébre.

3 Where I work, smart suits are de rigueur for the women.

4 The restaurant has a clientele that includes film stars and famous sportspeople.

5 There was a contretemps between the neighbours over the fence dividing their gardens.

6 All the rooms in the hotel are en suite.

7 She writes under the nom de plume of Cathy Kay.

8 I really envy him for his savoir-faire.

 

Check your answers in the Key, then read the sentences aloud, paying particular attention to the pronunciation of the foreign words.

25.3 Here are some Russian words used in English. First, try reading them aloud. Then listen and compare your pronunciation with the recording. You can find the meaning of the words in the Key.

glasnost     intelligentsia     politburo     samovar     troika

 

ĐÁP ÁN

25.1

French:

denouement (noun) the end of a book or play where everything is explained

nouvelle cuisine (noun) a style of cooking in which a small amount of food is served in an attractive pattern on the plate

Chinese:

gingseng (noun) the root of a tropical plant used to improve health

kumquat (noun) a small, oval orange-coloured fruit

Italian:

diva (noun) a famous female singer

sotto voce (adjective) said in a very quiet voice

German:

ersatz (adjective) describes something used instead of something else because the original is rare or too expensive

schadenfreude (noun) a feeling of pleasure you get when something bad happens to someone else

Japanese:

haiku (noun) a poem made up of 17 syllables only

ninja (noun) a Japanese sword-carrying fighter

Spanish:

macho (adjective) behaving forcefully and without emotion in a way that was thought typical of a man

pronto (adjective) quickly and at once

25.2

25.3

glasnost (zoun) a policy of making government more open and accountable to its people

intelligentsia (noun) the highly educated people in a society who are interestedin arts and politics

politburo (noun) the main governing group in a Communist country

samovar (noun) a large metal container used to heat water for tea

troika (noun) a group of three powerful politicians