Phát âm tiếng anh nâng cao – Unit 11: Hậu tố và dấu nhấn từ (1) – Học Hay

A

- Một số từ được tạo ra bằng cách thêm từ gốc (root) và hậu tố (suffix)

root ———> danger ous <——— suffix

root ———> comerc(e) ial <——— suffix

- Ở 1 số từ có hậu tố, dấu trọng âm được đánh trên từ gốc. Hãy so sánh:

‘danger  và  ‘dangerous

- Ở một số từ khác, hậu tố làm thay đổi dấu trọng âm của từ. Hãy so sánh:

‘commerce  và  com'mercial

B

- Các hậu tố sau đây thường sẽ không thay đổi dấu trọng âm của từ gốc: -able, -age, -al, -er, -ful, -less, -ness, -ous and -fy.

‘comfort — ‘comfortable                             per'cent — per'centage electric — e'lectrical

‘amplify — ‘amplifier                                      re'gret — re'gretful re'gard — re'gardless

‘foolish — ‘foolishness                                  di'saster — di'sastrous ‘beauty — ‘beautify

Tuy nhiên cũng có một số ngoại lệ với -able và –al:

ad'mire — ‘admirable                                    pre'fer — 'preferable

‘medicine — me'dicinal                                                 ‘agriculture — agri'cultural

- Note: với các hậu tố sau: -ious, -ulous, -orous và –eous, dấu trọng âm thường đứng trước hậu tố đó

‘industry — in'dustrious                                ‘mystery — my'sterious

‘miracle — mi'raculous                                  ‘carnivore — car'nivorous

ad'vantage — advan'tageous                     ‘outrage — out'rageous

C.

- Đôi khi dấu trọng âm được đánh ngay trên hậu tố: -ee, -eer, -ese và -ette.

,absen'tee                          refu'gee               engineer              ,mountai'neer

Japan'ese                            Nepal'ese            cigarette              di'skette

Ngoại trừ: ‘omelette, ‘etiquette, em' ployee (không phổ biến - employ’ee). Một số người dùng ‘cigarette.

- Những từ với hậu tố này có thể có sự dịch chuyển dấu trọng âm

She’s japanESE.                                but: She’s a JAPanese JOURnalist.

He’s a refuGEE.                                 but: We saw photos of REFugee CHILdren.

11.1 Complete the sentences with pairs of words from B opposite. You should also mark the stress.

EXAMPLE The herb is used for me’dicinal purposes, although it isn’t usually thought of ‘medicine.

1 The journey was a ………………….; in fact, the whole vacation was ……………… .

2 The decision was an ……………… — quite ……………… . I was  was appalled.

3 ……………… of his mistakes, the president continues to be held in high ……………… .

 4 Workers in the steel ……………… are generally skilled and ……………… .

5 The Democrats’ lead is now eight ……………… points, and has risen three ……………… in the last week.

6 Her ……………… disappearance was never explained, and her whereabouts remain a ……………… until today.

7 The region is mainly ……………….. land and most people here still work in ……………… .

Now listen and check your answers. Then say the sentences aloud, paying attention to the stress in the words you have written.

11.2 This speaker is talking about the difficulty of getting cars repaired. Focus on the words ending with the suffixes -ab/e and -al (in bold). Listen and tick (V) the words which follow the rule given in B - that is, they have the same stress pattern as their root.  

You hear about the poor quality of car repairs so often nowadays. You just can’t find dependable (V) mechanics, and the problem seems to be universal (X). For example, the other day I was having problems starting my car, so I took it to a reputable ( ) garage. At least I'd heard it was quite reliable ( ). The people there seemed quite professional ( ), and they said it looked like just a minor mechanical (_) problem. They said it would cost about €100, which seemed quite acceptable ( ). But when I picked it up, they’d badly scratched the paintwork. They apologised, and said it was accidental ( ) and offered to re-spray it, but whether they'll do a good job is debatable ( )

 11.3 Here are some extracts from a radio news programme. Underline the syllable in each word in bold that you think is likely to be made prominent. Remember, some of the words in bold are likely to have stress shift.

Example: An aircraft that crashed three years ago in the Andes has been found by mountaineers.

1 A report on the problem of absentee landlords is to be published today.

2 Five thousand volunteer helpers are to be recruited for the next Olympic Games.

3 Mandarin and Cantonese are the most widely spoken languages in China.

4 The government is considering a ban on roulette.

5 There has been an outbreak of cholera among Sudanese villagers.

Now listen and check your answers. Then read the extracts aloud.

ĐÁP ÁN

11.1

(United States) Note that this speaker of American English pronounces ‘herb’ /ɜːrb/; in British English it is usually pronounced /hɜːb/.

(Example: Note also that ‘medicine’ is usually pronounced with 2 syllables /ˈmedsn/, but may be pronounced with three in slow, careful speech /ˈmedɪsn/.)

1 di'saster — disastrous

2 ‘outrage — out'rageous

3 Re'gardless — re'gard

4 ‘industry — in'dustrious

5 per'centage — per’cent

6 my'sterious — 'mystery

7 agri'cultural — ‘agriculture

11.2

(Jamaica)

Words with the same stress pattern as their root:

de'pendable (de'pend)                                                 re'liable (re'ly)

me'chanical (me'chanic)                                ac'ceptable (ac'cept)

pro'fessional (pro'fession)                           de'batable (de'bate)

Words with a different stress pattern from their root:

uni'versal (‘universe)                     ‘reputable (re' pute)                      acci'dental (‘accident)

11.3

* indicates stress shift.

1 absentee *                      2 volunteer *                     3 Cantonese       4 roulette            5 Sudanese *