Sách Ngữ pháp tiếng anh luyện thi IELTS – Unit 24: Vị trí đặt từ ngữ trong câu (Showing your position in a text) – Học Hay

Trong văn bản trang trọng, đại từ nhân xưng ngôi thứ nhất (ví dụ: I, you, we) không phổ biến lắm, nhưng chúng ta có thể sử dụng chúng để:

- Đưa ra ý kiến về chủ đề đang được thảo luận với đại từ I hoặc we:

• ·         Ví dụ: I would argue that all children should attend school.
  (Tôi sẽ tranh luận rằng tất cả trẻ em nên đi học.)

- Cho thấy mình là một phần của nhóm và đồng nhất với người đọc, thường dùng với we hoặc us. Đối chiếu:

Ví dụ:

• ·         Is it better for us to educate our children at home rather than send them to school?
  (Liệu việc giáo dục con cái ở nhà có tốt hơn cho chúng ta là gửi chúng đến trường?)
• ·         Is it better for parents to educate their children at home rather than send them to school?
  (Liệu việc giáo dục con cái ở nhà có tốt hơn cho bậc phụ huynh là gửi chúng đến trường?)

=> Việc sử dụng us trong câu đầu tiên thay đổi văn bản từ nhận xét khách quan sang chủ quan hơn.

Để thể hiện thái độ, cảm xúc hoặc đánh giá về một cái gì đó, chúng ta có thể sử dụng:

- Trạng từ đơn (actually, frankly, fortunately, unfortunately, personally, luckily, interestingly, naturally, surprisingly)

Ví dụ:

• ·         Frankly, I'd be totally bored staying at home all day.
  (Thành thật mà nói, tôi hoàn toàn buồn chán việc phải ở nhà cả ngày.)
• ·         But, unfortunately, schools do seem to be more overcrowded and less well-funded these days.
  (Nhưng, thật không may, các trường học dường như quá đông đúc và ít được tài trợ trong những ngày này.)

Trong bài phát biểu, chúng ta thường sử dụng từ actually để cho thấy rằng mình không đồng ý với điều đã được nói trước đó:

• ·         Actually, she believes that she received a better education as a result.
  
  

- Cụm trạng từ thể hiện quan điểm của người nói về sự khái quát hóa, chung chung (broadly speaking, by and large, in general, overall, on the whole, to a great extent):

• ·         But, in general, I don't think it is a good idea.
  (Nhưng, nói chung, tôi không nghĩ rằng đó là một ý tưởng tốt.)

- Cụm trạng từ ý kiến ​​(in my/our view, in my opinion):

• ·         In my opinion, that's a disadvantage.
  (Theo tôi đó là một bất lợi.)

Để làm dịu giọng điệu của một cuộc tranh luận, chúng ta có thể sử dụng trạng từ khả năng (certainly, definitely, maybe, perhaps, possibly, presumably, probably):

• ·         Well, that's certainly the way my friend felt.
  (Chà, đó chắc chắn là cảm giác của bạn tôi.)
• ·         Perhaps she had enough of them as a child!
  (Có lẽ cô đã có đủ chúng khi còn nhỏ!)

Để cho thấy rằng thông tin đã đến từ một nơi / người khác, chúng ta có thể sử dụng các cụm trạng từ thể hiện quan điểm của người khác (apparently, according to (somebody), evidently):

• ·         According to my friend they did fun things like going out for walks.
  (Theo bạn tôi, họ đã làm những điều thú vị như đi dạo của chúng tôi.)
• ·         Apparently there is a network of parents who teach at home.  (someone  else told me this)
  (Rõ ràng có một mạng lưới các ông bà dạy ở nhà. (một người khác nói với tôi điều này))

 

Vị trí của trạng từ

Trạng từ nhận xét thường xuất hiện ở đầu hoặc cuối mệnh đề (according to, fortunately, interestingly, luckily, surprisingly, unfortunately):

• ·         Interestingly, she doesn't have a great relationship with her parents these days.
  (Thật thú vị, cô ấy không có một mối quan hệ tuyệt vời với cha mẹ của cô ấy những ngày này.)
• ·         She doesn't have a great relationship with her parents these days, interestingly.
  (Cô ấy không có một mối quan hệ tuyệt vời với cha mẹ của cô ấy những ngày này, thật thú vị.)

Nhiều trạng từ đứng trước động từ chính hoặc sau be:

• ·         It is probably best.
  (Nó có lẽ là tốt nhất.)
• ·         He would possibly feel quite differently.
  (Anh ta có thể cảm thấy hoàn toàn khác.)

Trạng từ definitely không thường được sử dụng ở đầu câu:

• ·         I am definitely coming to the party.
  (NOT Definitely I am coming to the party.)
  (Tôi chắc chắn sẽ đến bữa tiệc.)

 

Để thể hiện ý kiến ​​hoặc cảm xúc, chúng ta có thể sử dụng các động từ như think, suppose, believe, feel, guess, see

• ·         I think that's a good point.
  (Tôi nghĩ đó là một điểm tốt.)
• ·         I can see that being educated at home would be good for some children.  (= I can understand)
  (Tôi có thể thấy rằng được giáo dục ở nhà sẽ tốt cho một số trẻ em.)

Khi chủ từ là I, trước nó thường là trạng từ personally

• ·         Personally, I feel the teachers did a really good job.
  (Cá nhân, tôi cảm thấy các giáo viên đã làm một công việc thực sự tốt.)

Để thể hiện rằng chúng ta đang bày tỏ ý tưởng của mình chứ không phải sự thật; hoặc thể hiện sự thận trọng hơn, chúng ta có thể sử dụng các động khiếm khuyết chỉ khả năng (may, might, could, must , can) và các động từ như seem, appear.

• ·         I think he must look back at his school days and feel really bad.
  (Tôi nghĩ rằng anh ấy đã phải nhớ lại những ngày đi học của mình và cảm thấy thực sự tồi tệ.)
• ·         Schools seem to be more overcrowded and less well-funded these days.
  (Các trường học dường như quá đông đúc và ít được tài trợ trong thời nay)

Chúng ta có thể sử dụng tính từ

- Để thể hiện cảm xúc (glad, delighted, overwhelmed)

• ·         Anyway, I’m glad that my parents didn't educate me at home.
  (Dù sao, tôi cũng mừng vì bố mẹ tôi cho tôi học ở nhà.)

- It + be + tính từ + that: để thể hiện khả năng và ý kiến ​​(clear, possible, probable, likely):

• ·         Yes, but it is likely that those people will be very similar.
  (Vâng, nhưng có khả năng những người đó sẽ rất giống nhau.)

A  Underline the correct word or phrase in the sentences below.

1.  I'm very worried about the plans to build a new shopping centre here. According to / Apparently my friend they want to knock down some of the houses.

2. Apparently, / Personally, I believe that we will live longer in the future.

3. Joshua is working this weekend so presumably / actually he will have some time off at a later date.

4. We cannot say for sure but definitely / perhaps an advertising campaign would encourage people to recycle their waste more.

5. Overall, / Luckily, we can see that the experiments done by the early scientists have had a great effect on our lives today.

6. We should probably / personally all reflect on the way we live our lives and try to be more environmentally aware.

7. Certainly, / Surprisingly, John agreed to come when I invited him - I hadn't expected that!

8. In my opinion I Unfortunately the number of students leaving university without completing their degrees is rising.

 

Đáp án:

1. According to

2. Personally,

3. presumably

4. perhaps

5. Overall,

6. probably

7. Surprisingly,

8. Unfortunately

 

B Put the words in brackets into the sentences below in a suitable place. There may be more than one possible answer.

 

1.  I believe she is the right person for the job, but I feel she may need some further training. (certainly)

2. The start of the course has been delayed because the tutor is ill. (apparently)

3. I want to go to university when I leave school. (definitely)

4. I was late for the exam because my bus didn't come, but the exam hadn't started on time so I only missed a few minutes. (luckily)

5. The university has decided to close the music department. (unfortunately)

6. It is time to reorganise our company structure. (perhaps)

7. My tutor was impressed with the effort I had put into my assignment, but suggested a few changes. (On the whole)

8. It is true that people are living longer today than in the past. (probably)

 

Đáp án:

1. I certainly believe she is the right person for the job, but I feel she may need some further training.

2. Apparently, the start of the course has been delayed because the tutor is ill. / The start of the course has been delayed because, apparently, the tutor is ill. / The start of the course has been dclayed because the tutor is ill, apparently.

3. I definitely want to go to university when r leave school.

4. I was late for the exam because my bus didn't come, but luckily the exam hadn't started on time so I only missed a few minutes.

I was late for the exam because my bus didn't come, but the exam hadn't started on time, so luckily I only missed a few minutes.

 5. Unfortunately, the university has decided to close the music department.

The university has decided to close the music department, unfortunately.

 The university has unfortunately decided to close the music department

6. Perhaps it is time to reorganise our company structure.

7. On the whole, my tutor was impressed with the effort I had put into my assignment, but suggested a few changes.

My tutor was impressed with the effort I had put into my assignment on the whole, but suggested a few changes.

8. It is probably true that people are living longer today than in the past.

 

C  Replace the underlined part of each sentence with an adverb from the box.

actually   apparently   evidently    frankly     on the whole    possibly   surprisingly    unfortunately

 

1. I’ve heard that he is a teacher.

2. To be honest I don't really like this kind of literature.

3. I found it unexpected that the survey revealed that university students today spend longer on their work than in the past.

4. I'm not happy about it but I can't come to your party because I’m working.

5. To sum it up, it seems that people prefer to spend festivals with their families or friends rather than alone.

6. From what I have read in the journal, it seems that scientists believe the new drug will work.

7. I am not absolutely certain about this but if we reduce the amount we consume, we will become happier.

8. As a matter of fact I think this is the best piece of work you've done so far.

 

Đáp án:

1. Apparently

2. Frankly,

3. Surprisingly,

4. Unfortunately,

5. On the whole,

6. Evidently

7. Possibly,

8. Actually,

 

D Put the words or expressions in brackets into a suitable place in the model answer and make any other necessary changes.

 

Many people have changed from a mainly meat-based diet to a vegetarian one in recent years. What are the possible reasons for this and to what extent do you consider it a sensible option?

There are many reasons why people follow a vegetarian diet.  Firstly, it is because they believe that it is wrong to kill animals. This is due to religious beliefs on it is their own personal philosophy. (they believe that; may be; could be)

Another motivation for stopping eating meat is health. The high fibre content of a vegetarian diet reduces the likelihood of suffering from some bowel problems and heart disease. In addition, fewer vegetarians than meat-eaters are overweight. A further advantage is that a vegetarian diet is cheaper than eating meat.(it is possible that; according to research; seems to; can be)

Nevertheless, there are some disadvantages. Vegetarians lack a lot of the vitamins and minerals that are present in meat, such as iron or vitamin B12, or calcium if you do not include dairy products in your diet. There is also the social problem of not being able to eat food available at parties and restaurants. However in terms of health a vegetarian is more likely to be healthy than a non-vegetarian and the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. (it is clear that; can overall: personally I feel that)

 

Đáp án:

There are many reasons why people follow a vegetarian diet. Firstly, it is because they believe that it is wrong to kill animals. This may be is due to religious beliefs, or it could be is their own personal philosophy.

It is possible that another motivation for stopping eating meat is health. According to research, the high fibre content of a vegetarian diet seems to reduces the likelihood of suffering from some bowel problems and heart disease. In addition, fewer vegetarians than meat-eaters are overweigh t. A further advantage is that a vegetarian diet can be is cheaper than eating meat.

 Nevertheless, it is clear that there are some disadvantages. Vegetarians can lack a lot of the vitamins and minerals that are present in meat, such as iron or vitamin B12, or calcium if you do not include dairy products in your diet. There is also the social problem of not being able to eat food available at parties and restaurants.

Overall, however in terms of health a vegetarian is more likely to be healthy than a non-vegetarian and personally I feel that the advantages our weigh the disadvantages.

 

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